Just how massive is Google, anyway?

Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California. While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites. They called this new technology PageRank, where a website's relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site. A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy.

Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol", the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was meant to signify the amount of information the search engine was to handle. Originally, Google ran under the Stanford University website, with the domain google.stanford.edu. The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998, at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.

How to Get Rid of a Headache

 

 

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How to Get Rid of a Headache

via How to of the Day on 9/27/10

Been hitting your head against the wall too much? A common affliction, mild to moderate headaches can be brought on by a range of problems, including stress, tiredness, tension, food or alcohol, exposure to noise, a cold, etc., and on the whole, are no more serious than causing you immediate pain and interrupting your daily activities.^[1] A combination of these problems interacting can also lead to a headache.

There are some things you can do to treat your headache yourself, as outlined in this article, keeping in mind that each headache is, in some ways, unique, and a treatment that works for one may not work for the next.

Steps

1. 

   No idea! It just feels like my head's in a clamp!
   Try to identify the type of headache that you're experiencing. Most headaches are tension or lifestyle induced and aren't harmful, even though they're painful and can prevent you from fulfilling your tasks. If you experience frequent headaches, a severe headache, a headache that won't respond to analgesics, or the headache is accompanied by other symptoms, consult your doctor or health professional for immediate investigation and a proper diagnosis. The following list of common types of headaches demonstrates the wide variety of possible causes for your headache, which is why it's so important to seek further treatment if your headache issue won't resolve:^[2][3]
   • Tension headache: The most common type of headache. Many tension headaches take time to develop following physical or emotional stress but can last for days once it kicks in. This headache tends to form as a result of muscle contraction, and is commonly felt as a band behind the eyes and across the forehead, but the pain can be located anywhere in the head, including on the side or at the back. The headache may be dull, recurrent if the source is not dealt with, and can be accompanied by feeling generally unwell, especially if the sufferer also has anxiety or depression. This type of headache tends to respond well to painkillers, rest, and alleviation of the source of stress. Sometimes a tension headache is accompanied by feeling nauseous.
   • Hangover headache: The pain is real and so is what you drank the night before! Symptoms include throbbing pain, nausea, feeling generally lousy. Keep up your fluids and be patient. Use of recreational drugs can also leave headaches, as can withdrawal from prescription medications.
   • Allergy or food induced headache: With an allergy induced headache. you'll often have a runny nose and runny eyes as well as the headache, and the headache can be generalized. This type of headache tends to be seasonal and is often treated with anti-histamines; speak with your doctor about choices. MSG can induce headaches in sensitive persons; other symptoms will include facial pressure, chest pain, burning sensation on trunk, neck and shoulders and the head will throb. Nitrites and nitrates in meat can induce a moderate to severe headache. And if you eat your ice cream or drink a cold drink too quickly, you can induce a temporary "brainfreeze", or "ice cream headache" which is severe but passes quickly.
   • Migraine headache: With a migraine, the sufferer will feel throbbing pain accompanied by severe nausea and possible vomiting. There are visual problems such as seeing stars, flickering objects, and even partial loss of vision. Some migraines also cause numbness or weakness. Migraines can be caused by reactions to food, stressors, hormonal changes, an accident, and for some people, they are inherited. Migraines require special attention and you should seek advice from your doctor on what to medicate with, as well as finding methods to try and head off getting a migraine.
   • Cluster headache: This is a headache that sits around your eye area and can involve a drooping eyelid, nasal discharge and a watery eye. It tends to be more common in males, and can be ongoing. If this type of head pain is occurring, take it seriously and see your doctor for advice and treatment.
   • Headache caused by pain, problems, or tension in another part of the body: Headaches can be caused by sinus blockage, a cold, virus, or fever, coughing, physical exertion, hunger, eyestrain, strained neck or back muscles, arthritis, and by dental problems. In each case, it is essential to get your doctor's examination and advice, as you will probably need wider body treatment and not just a simple focus on the head region. If you have to wear certain items regularly, such as goggles for swimming, or pull your hair back a lot for modeling or stagework, etc., these can cause headaches in their own right – often the symptoms will be relieved by removing the item or changing your hair styling method.
   • Accident induced headache: If you involved in an accident in which your head receives a shock, bump, hit, or bang, you may develop a headache. As this can also be accompanied by concussion, skull fractures, internal bleeding, etc., you must seek immediate medical treatment. Post-traumatic headaches can arise as the result of being in an accident or traumatic situation – these can be extremely difficult to treat and may need the intervention of a specialist trained in psychology or psychiatry.
   • Aneurysm: You will experience a sudden, "thunderclap" of pain. This pain can mimic a migraine or cluster headache and can be accompanied by a stiff neck, double vision, and loss of consciousness. Get immediate, urgent medical assistance. In this case, surgery and blood pressure stabilization are the main treatments.
   • Tumor induced headache: This is rare and if you have any suspicions that this is an issue, see your doctor immediately. Some symptoms of a brain tumor might include numbness or weakness of limbs, slurred speech, disturbed vision, epileptic fits, personality changes, or poor balance. It is rare for there to be no other symptom than a headache.
   • Altitude sickness headache: If you experience altitude sickness, the pain can affect both sides of the head, or just one side. Usually impacts climbers not using oxygen. Follow the precautions for treating altitude sickness.
   • Other headaches: There are a number of other reasons for triggering a headache that are best diagnosed by a doctor; what is important to understand is that if you have any concerns, see your doctor quickly.
2. 

   Make it go away!
   Try different methods for alleviating your headache. Not every method suggested in the following sections will necessarily help, and it remains vital to always be alert for headache symptoms that might require a visit to the doctor. However, with trial and error, you should be able to find various methods that do alleviate your tension or other home-treatable headache and you might find that these work each time. In addition to trying different remedies, it is suggested that you:
   • Keep a record of your headaches. This will help you to identify patterns that bring about headaches, such as after a particularly stressful period at work, after communication problems, after eating certain foods, etc. and will be a way that you can start learning to head off a headache before it begins to develop. If your headaches are hormonally induced (for example, as a result of having a period), knowing when you're likely to experience hormonal fluctuations (and hence headaches) will allow you to plan accordingly to "ease up" on work and home chores at this time of the month.
   • Learn to look at all of your lifestyle factors as a whole, to identify the areas where you can reduce stressors that lead to body tension and headaches. Identifying "precipitating factors", including food, bright lights, alcohol, exercise, stress, changes in your life, sleep problems, physical exertion, etc., will ensure that you learn coping strategies that reduce the likelihood of getting a headache or other stress or tension related symptoms.

Relaxation techniques

1. 

   Rest is best for a normal headache
   Rest. Rest and time out from other people, noise, and thinking about problems can go a very long way to improving a tension induced headache. Lay down in a quiet, darkened room for at last a half hour.^[4] Ensure that the bed or couch is comfortable and that your head is supported in a position that doesn't increase the tension to your head. Shut your eyes and simply lie still for the time, or try to sleep.
2. 

   Oh that's so not helping! Concentrate!
   Use massage. Massage the ears and ear lobes as well as the neck. If you can, find two tennis balls or racket balls and put them in a sock. Lie on a flat surface and place the two balls just below the base of your skull on the occipital and relax. You may feel sinus pressure or minimal discomfort at first but it will go away. Stay in this position with the still point on the occipital for as long as needed. This is especially helpful for sinus headaches.
   • Have someone else massage your neck and back if possible. The simple touch of someone else who cares about you can relieve a lot of tension instantly.
   • Try massaging the top of the bridge of your nose. This can help sometimes.
3. 
   Try hydrotherapy. Heat and chill compresses. Apply both compresses alternately to the nape of the neck. Wring a small towel in hot water and place on the neck for two minutes. Repeat for one minute with a towel wrung in cold water. Continue doing this for up to 20 minutes.^[5]
4. 

   Think beauty
   Visualize peacefulness. Spend some time relaxing your mind. Visualize a calm scene, such as a green forest or blue ocean, and take deep breaths. Without doing anything, have the thought of allowing your neck the freedom to float, and your back the freedom to sink into something very soft. Tension in the neck and shoulders can often be the cause of headaches.
5. 

   Relax with someone who knows what to do!
   Consider acupuncture or acupressure. These can reduce the head pain if performed by a qualified person. Ask to see licensing and check that needles are sterilized in the case of acupuncture. These techniques are good for reducing nausea.
6. 

   Pressuring parts of the feet for your headache!
   Try simple reflexology. Use the thumb and index finger of one hand to apply pressure to the fleshy area between the thumb and index finger of the other hand. Hold this for a minute or two. This doesn't seem to work for everyone, but for some people, it provides immediate relief. The relief may be temporary, or you may get rid of your headache entirely.

Medication or topical treatments for headaches

1. 
   Take a commercial headache preparation (analgesic) available from a pharmacy or supermarket. If you visit a pharmacy, you can describe the symptoms to the pharmacist who may be able to point you to a particular medication that might alleviate the pain. Common painkillers for headaches include aspirin, anti-inflammatories, and acetaminophen (Tylenol, Panadol, etc.). Always follow the instructions precisely as indicated on the product; not doing so can mask or worsen your condition.
   • Stop taking aspirin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) if you experience indigestion or any sign of increased bruising; and do not use aspirin for children under 12.^[6]
   • Stronger remedies contain codeine. This can help alleviate pain initially but it has its own side effects, including constipation and could mask more serious symptoms. If you feel as if you need to keep upping the dose, see your doctor.
2. 
   Use heat or cold. Depending on your preference, heat or cold can improve your headache when applied direct to the skin. You can try one or the other, or even alternate between hot and cold:^[7]
   • Cold: Apply ice packs. Ice packs have been used for years to treat headaches and they still work. You usually find ice packs at your drugstore. A cold rag on your neck or forehead can also work wonders.
   • Heat: Use a moist hot pack (but not too hot) to loosen up tense muscles. Or apply a warm cloth to the forehead of back of the neck.^[8]
   • A cold or warm bath before lying down might be helpful.
3. 
   Stimulate pain to conquer pain. Feel the top of your eye socket under the eyebrow. You will discover a small groove in your skull about the center of the top of the eye socket. In this groove is a nerve which is very sensitive to pressure. If you compress this nerve, it will be very painful. However, the pain will stimulate the pituitary to release endorphins immediately. The endorphins are the body's own natural painkillers and are more powerful than morphine. To stimulate the nerve, push hard against it for about 10 seconds. Note that this method may not work, and if you cannot tolerate doing it, or it becomes too painful, stop immediately.

Natural remedies

1. Be informed. There are a number of natural remedies that might work to treat your headache. As with any natural remedy, always know the side effects and allergy potential of the remedy, as well as the contra-indications, such as not using when pregnant, sick, etc.
2. 
   Try herbal remedies. There are several herbal remedies that are considered to have value for getting rid of headaches:
   • 

     Feverfew
     Feverfew: Feverfew can be taken in capsule or tablet form, as a tea, or even eaten in a sandwich (it tastes bitter). There is mixed evidence to support the effectiveness of feverfew but it has been relied upon for centuries, so it might be worth trying.^[9] There are no serious side effects to using feverfew although you might experience a sore tongue, mouth ulcers, or nausea, digestive problems and bloating. Coming off long-term use of feverfew can disrupt sleep and cause headaches.
   • Willow bark, magnesium, peppermint, and lavender supplements might help.^[10] Note, however, that the scientific support for or extensive studies on the effectiveness of many of these supplements varies.^[11] If you feel it works for you, and you're aware of any potential side effects, then trust your own remedies!
   • 

     Peppermint tea
     Tea: A cup of tea made from passionflower, rosemary, or lavender might alleviate a headache.^[12] Peppermint or chamomile tea can help to relax you.
3. 
   Use aromatherapy. Aromatherapy preparations vary considerably but some of the more commonly used essential oils for headache treatment include lavender, sweet marjoram, and chamomile. Use for neck massaging, in a bath, or to inhale.^[13]
   • For relief of aches and pains: Mix 5 drops rosemary oil, 5 drops nutmeg oil, 5 drops lavender oil in a carrier oil. Massage on the neck and upper back area.^[14]
   • If you have a vaporizer, add 7 drops of lavender oil, 3 drops of peppermint oil, and breathe in the relief. Alternatively you could also try sprinkling a few drops of peppermint oil onto a tissue and inhaling deeply several times.
4. 
   Consider the potential for homeopathy. If you know how to use homeopathic remedies, an occasional headache might be minimized by using the following suggestions:^[15]
   • Belladonna: good for headaches that arise from a reaction to noise or light.
   • Bryonia: good for headaches brought about by movement.
   • Ignacia: good for headaches brought on by acute emotional distress.
5. 
   Drink water. Dehydration can be a cause of some headaches. Have a glass of water to see if this helps. This can work well in combination with lying down and resting for a bit.
6. 

   Use food as a pick-me-up perhaps?
   Try food remedies. Lack of food can cause a headache, so make sure you've eaten something recently. In addition, some foods are thought to help alleviate headaches. None of the following are guaranteed but they've worked for some people, so they might just work for you:
   • 
     Eat almonds. Almonds contain pain-relieving chemicals that might reduce your headache symptoms.^[16]
   • 
     Try cayenne pepper. Cayenne pepper might help to improve your headache. You could try consuming it (the theory being that when the cayenne pepper hits your stomach, endorphins are released), but some research suggests that only topical application works effectively.^[17] It is probably best to get your doctor's advice if you're planning to apply this topically!
   • 
     Apply a compress with vinegar (preferably home-made, apple vinegar) to your head.
   • 
     Drink a cup of caffeine. Caffeine constricts the blood vessels, which can lessen head pain. But too much caffeine may trigger migraines in some people so instead of coffee, you might like to try tea. If taken in conjunction with a painkiller, caffeine can also speed up the medicine's effect, and as a result some painkillers include caffeine. Alternately, you can drink cola. Note that if you're a heavy caffeine or soda drinker, you may experience headaches as part of caffeine withdrawal. A jolt of caffeine will usually help, but in the long run, it's best to break your addiction and the headaches will disappear.
   • 
     Take a lime, cut it in half, and rub it on your forehead. The throbbing will go away.

Exercise techniques

1. 

   You might feel tied up but stretching can help!
   Stretch. If you have a tension headache, stretching your neck and back muscles might improve your headache by acting on the tense parts of your body.
2. 
   Do some yoga. Yoga aimed at reducing tension can remove or minimize headaches. Simple neck rolling or relaxation yoga exercises are best.
3. 

   Walk away that headache
   Take a brisk walk in the fresh air. This can be especially effective if you've been sitting hunched up for a while and you have a lot of challenging thoughts circulating in your head. The exercise will get the blood moving, the new scenery will refresh your outlook, and the fresh air will awaken you. By the time you return home, you might find that you're feeling much better.
4. 

   Try laughing the headache out!
   Try laughing or smiling. These can work wonders if it's just a minor headache. Smiling and laughing release endorphins within the brain, working on a positive feedback loop - the more you smile and laugh, the more "feel-good" chemicals the brain releases, and the more of these chemicals it releases, the more you smile and laugh! Endorphins will help to relieve the pain.

Lifestyle fixes

1. 

   Don't use a computer while you have a headache!
   Check your workstation at home and work. The way that you're sitting at the desk and using a computer might be contributing to your headache. Be sure that everything is at the right height and distance for your size.
   • Take regular breaks from all desk work and computer use. Exercise your eyes by looking at different distances for a few minutes every hour and do some basic body stretches.
2. 

   Visit your dietician for advice
   Implement dietary changes. Although this won't alleviate your headache straight away, making dietary changes in the longer term can potentially remove a source of headaches for you in the future. If you don't know where to begin, see your doctor, a dietician/nutritionist, or a naturopath.
   • Find out whether you have any particular food allergies and eliminate those foods from your diet.
   • Reduce your intake of caffeine. Caffeine can induce headaches. Ironically, withdrawal from caffeine will probably cause a temporary headache but once you're through the withdrawal period, you'll notice a positive difference.
   • You might like to consider avoiding of minimizing potential headache triggering foods, especially those containing MSG, nitrites and nitrates (cured meats), tyramines (aged cheese, wine, beer, and processed meats), sulphites (dried fruits, condiments, and wine), and salicylates (tea, vinegar, and some fruit).
3. 

   See the physio
   Treat musculoskeletal problems. If your back or neck are misaligned, or you're suffering from poor posture and muscle tension, it's important to fix this source of pain. While you can try to improve your musculoskeletal problems through exercise such as stretching, yoga, pilates, etc., it is usually important to see a specialist such as a physiotherapist, chiropractor, or osteopath to assess and treat your condition.^[18]
4. 

   See your dentist
   See your range of health professionals. If you're experiencing problems in other parts of your head, it can be a good idea to get help that might alleviate the headache. For example:
   • See your dentist: If you have jaw misalignment, tooth decay, abscesses, or post-extraction infection, these can be a source of headaches.
   • See your optician: If you need glasses but it has gone undiagnosed, your eyestrain could be causing unnecessary headaches.
   • See your ear, nose and throat specialist: If you have untreated infections, perforations, or other problems with your ears, nose, and throat, these could cause headaches.
5. 

   Remain calm
   Calm down. If you're angry, irritable, frustrated, etc., you may be building up daily muscle tension to a point where it has become unmanageable and causes headaches. Seek professional counseling or psychological help for mapping out some fruitful ways to manage your emotions if they're dominating your approach to life every day.
   • If you clench your jaw or grit your teeth, make an effort to relax your face. Try yawning to reduce facial tension.
   • Practice relaxation exercises before stress-producing events like exams, getting married, taking a driver's test, etc.

Video

Tips

• Having pre-made meals in the freezer can be a huge relief if you have regular tension headaches. This removes a source of stress if you're expected to make dinner, as all you need to do is heat up the meal while you're resting. This alone can be enough to draw off an evening headache after a day's work, as you can take the time to rest peacefully instead of trying to prepare a meal.
• Don't be afraid to withdraw from other people to rest. Remaining around people and trying to stay perky when you've got a headache can worsen it. You'll be better company for a rest.
• Rub tiger balm on your temples. The menthol might be able to distract your senses and help alleviate the pain.
• If it's a sinus headache, try eating a spoonful of honey made in your local area every day. While it won't help immediately, it might help to build up your immunity from local pollens.
• Avoid elevating your head when resting for a headache – keep it as level with your body as possible.
• If you get migraines frequently, as well as working out a plan with your doctor, try avoiding trigger foods such as cheese or chocolate. Eating and sleeping regularly is also important to ward off migraines.^[19]
• Visit the bathroom. If you haven't already done so, sometimes a trip to the bathroom can alleviate a headache!
• Something that triggers one headache may not trigger others. It depends on your constitution, exposure levels, and sensitivity. Even doctors don't like coming up with "one-size-fits-all" headache lists!
• Relax your tongue. Having your tongue on the roof of your mouth can cause headaches. Keep your tongue off the roof of your mouth, and the pain from your headache should decrease.

Warnings

• See a doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms or signs: a headache that feels worse than any you've ever experienced before, headaches that change in their pattern (for example they're usually mild and suddenly they're severe), the headache feels weird and unfamiliar, the headache is sudden and abrupt, it worsens over days and doesn't stop, the headache comes with neck pain and a fever (it might be meningitis), or you experience epileptic fits, convulsions, vomiting, inability to tolerate bright light, rashes, weakness in any part of your body, or your personality changes.^[20]
• Some medications can cause headaches, such as the birth control pill. Seek advice from your doctor if you're taking a medication regularly and experiencing headaches. The headaches might be a side effect, or an indication of something that needs attention.
• Be careful using over-the-counter drugs. Overdosing with Tylenol (acetaminophen) is toxic to the liver. No more than 2 in a six hour period! Taking Tylenol with alcohol greatly increases the danger to the liver. Always read the directions before taking any painkillers, and take the smallest effective dose. Avoid taking NSAIDs if you have an ulcer, gastrointestinal problems, indigestion, or asthma.^[21]
• Be careful if pinching nerves to try and stop a headache. Behind the sternocleidomastoid is the carotid artery and vagus nerve. Pinching these off can cause faintness, or possibly even brain damage by disturbing blood flow to the brain. If you feel faint, dizzy, or nauseated while working on that muscle, stop immediately and lie down for several minutes. If symptoms persist, get immediate medical attention.
• Take head injuries seriously. It's generally a good idea to seek medical advice for any head injury, even if you don't experience concussion, obvious injury, or pain.
• You can find a ton of headache remedies on the internet or by asking people you know. Many of these are helpful for at least some people, and if they're safe, there's no reason not to try them if other steps don't work. Use common sense when considering any "home remedy." If it seems like it could cause more harm than good, don't use it without consulting your doctor first. If a treatment makes your headache worse, or if you experience other symptoms, stop the treatment and contact your doctor.

Things You'll Need

• Exercise area
• Walking gear (shoes, clothing, etc.) that is comfortable and fits well
• Analgesics or herbal remedies, as per instructions
• Quiet, dark room for rest

Related wikiHows

• How to Relieve a Tension Headache
• How to Get Rid of a Headache Using Mallow
• How to Use a Headache Diary
• How to Heal and Prevent Migraine Headaches
• How to Cure a Headache Without Medication

Sources and Citations

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Gayatri Mantra and Scientific Implication

Gayatri Mantra and Scientific Implication

 

GAYATRI MANTRA AND

MANTRA'S SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATION

 

 

 

 Gayatri mantra has been bestowed the greatest importance in Vedic dharma. This mantra has also been termed as Savitri and Ved-Mata, the mother of the Vedas.

Om bhur bhuvah swah
Tat savitur varenyam
Bhargo devasya dheemahi
Dhiyo yo nah prachodayat

The literal meaning of the mantra is:

O God! You are Omnipresent, Omnipotent and Almighty, You are all Light. You are all Knowledge and Bliss. You are Destroyer of fear, You are Creator of this Universe, You are the Greatest of all. We bow and meditate upon Your light. You guide our intellect in the right direction.

The mantra, however, has a great scientific importance too, which somehow got lost in the literary tradition. The modern astrophysics and astronomy tell us that our Galaxy called Milky Way or Akash-Ganga contains approximately 100,000 million of stars. Each star is like our sun having its own planet system. We know that the moon moves round the earth and the earth moves round the sun along with the moon. All planets round the sun. Each of the above bodies revolves round at its own axis as well. Our sun along with  its family takes one round of the galactic center in 22.5 crore years. All galaxies including ours are moving away at a terrific velocity of 20,000 miles per second.

 

 

 

The alternative scientific meaning of the mantra
Line by Line

 

Line 1:

 OM BHUR BHUVAH SWAH:

Bhur the earth, bhuvah the planets (solar family), swah the Galaxy. We observe that when an ordinary fan with a speed of 900 RPM (rotations Per minute) moves, it makes noise. Then, one can imagine, what great noise would be created when the galaxies move with a speed of 20,000 miles per second. This is what this portion of the mantra explains that the sound produced due to the fast-moving earth, planets and galaxies is Om. The sound was heard during meditation by Rishi Vishvamitra, who mentioned it to other colleagues. All of them, then unanimously decided to call this sound Om the name of God, because this sound is available in all the three periods of time, hence it is set (permanent). Therefore, it was the first ever revolutionary idea to identify formless God with a specific title (form) called upadhi. Until that time, everybody recognized God as formless and nobody was prepared to accept this new idea. In the Gita also, it is said, "Omiti ekaksharam brahma", meaning that the name of the Supreme is Om , which contains only one syllable (8/12). This sound Om heard during samadhi was called by all the seers nada-brahma a very great noise), but not a noise that is normally heard beyond a specific amplitude and limits of decibels suited to human hearing. Hence the rishis called this sound Udgith musical sound of the above, i.e., heaven. They also noticed that the infinite mass of galaxies moving with a velocity of 20,000 miles/second was generating a kinetic energy = 1/2 MV2 and this was balancing the total energy consumption of the cosmos. Hence they named it Pranavah, which means the body (vapu) or store house of energy (prana).

 

Line 2:   TAT SAVITUR VARENYAM:

Tat that (God), savitur the sun (star), varenyam worthy of bowing or respect. Once the form of a person along with the name is known to us, we may locate the specific person.Hence the two titles (upadhi) provide the solid ground to identify the formless God, Vishvamitra suggested. He told us that we could know (realize) the unknowable formless God through the known factors, viz., sound Om and light of suns (stars). A mathematician can solve an equation x2+y2=4; if x=2; then y can be known and so on. An engineer can measure the width of a river even by standing at the riverbank just by drawing a triangle. So was the scientific method suggested by Vishvamitra in the mantra in the next portion as under:-

Line 3:
BHARGO DEVASYA DHEEMAHI:

Bhargo the light, devasya of the deity, dheemahi we should meditate. The rishi instructs us to meditate upon the available form (light of suns) to discover the formless Creator (God). Also he wants us to do japa of the word Om (this is understood in the Mantra). This is how the sage wants us to proceed, but there is a great problem to realize it, as the human mind is so shaky and restless that without the grace of the Supreme (Brahma) it cannot be controlled. Hence Vishvamitra suggests the way to pray Him as under:

 

Line 4:

DHIYO YO NAH PRACHODAYAT

Dhiyo (intellect), yo (who), nah (we all), prachodayat (guide to right Direction). O God! Deploy our intellect on the right path. Full scientific interpretation of the Mantra: The earth (bhur), the planets (bhuvah), and the galaxies (swah) are moving at a very great velocity, the sound produced is Om , (the name of formless God.) That God (tat), who manifests Himself in the form of light of suns (savitur) is worthy of bowing/respect (varenyam). We all, therefore, should meditate (dheemahi) upon the light (bhargo) of that deity (devasya) and also do chanting of Om. May He (yo) guide in right direction (prachodayat) our(nah) intellect dhiyo.

 

 

The important points hinted in the mantra are

1) The total kinetic energy generated by the movement of galaxies acts as an umbrella and balances the total energy consumption of the cosmos. Hence it was named as the Pranavah
(body of energy). This is equal to 1/2 mv2
(Mass of galaxies x square of velocity.)

 

2) Realizing the great importance of the syllable OM , the other later date religions adopted this word 
with a slight change in accent, 
viz., Amen and Ameen.

Tasty Map of India...

Enjoy - TASTY MAP OF INDIA

10 Useful Tips for your Sales Team [Do not Belittle Your Competition]

 

 

Sent to you by Hemal via Google Reader:

 

 

10 Useful Tips for your Sales Team [Do not Belittle Your Competition]

via Pluggd.in on 9/9/10

[Guest article by Vikram of Tenmiles. This article is more than a 101 for sales team.]

I strongly feel that selling is an art and one that is refined over time. Regardless of the product/concept/service being sold, there are certain key factors which I feel form the foundation for a successful sales drive.

1. Develop a 30 second elevator pitch, that sticks to the 30 second limit
The elevator pitch is meant to captivate an individual to such an extent that he/she is anxious to learn more about your product. It should serve as your opening statement and project a creative, yet factual representation of what your product stands for. That said, content from your sales collateral/brochures should not find their way to the elevator pitch.

For example, a web based application is supposed to run on the cloud, so making references to this in a 30 second pitch just doesn't add any value. Rather, think about the positive emotions that the use of your product generates, regardless of what your product may be. Does it inspire creativity in those who design with it? Or does using your product deliver a smile on every end user's face? Bring out these intangible benefits in your elevator pitch and connect with your prospective customers on a more personal level.

2. Know who your customer is before selling to them
A common trait displayed by Sales teams these days is to start selling a product/concept to a prospective customer without really delving into how it would benefit the end user. Your product may have a wide variety of amazing features that potentially serve every conceivable need but often, customers have a single pain point, which one of your standard, run of the mill features may address.

Learn more about your customer, their company and how they operate. Once you're armed with all the details, paint a picture in their minds that makes it easier for them to relate to how your product fits their needs. You just might find that in responding to how their pain point can be solved by merely highlighting a single feature that your product offers, you've bagged the sale.
3. Be passionate of the product you're selling
This may come across as a cliche, but a committed and focused sales effort never goes unrewarded. Ensure that your passion towards the product is personified in your communications and interactions with your customers.

4. Never commit to something you know you cannot deliver on
In the exuberance of inching closer to the point of clinching a deal, you may be inclined to agree to certain customization requests from your customers. If you have the necessary resources to do so without affecting the very nature of the product, then you'd be in your right. However, the majority of cases involve fairly exhaustive customizations which, in the end, break away from your product's core offering.

Remember, whilst the customer's requirements are important, it does not mandate that your product must meet every one of them, especially if your gut instinct tells you that your product offers a mix of features in the best feasible way.

5. Pick up the phone and call. Emails can not replace the human touch.
This applies to the expressions of interest which have developed further into active communications. With the reliance on email to communicate, especially with customers spread across the world, it's only natural to continue interacting via email since it seems to be the most accepted method. However, it's amazing how a single phone call during the early stages of the interaction can boost a customer's comfort level.

Try to employ a balance of communication methods that are dependent on the importance of the message being conveyed to the customer.

6. Do your best to stay within the window of opportunity
From the time a customer expresses his/her interest in your product (either via the web or by signing up for a free trial), you can rest assured of swinging a deal in your favor IF you're able to make a convincing pitch within the critical window of opportunity.

By visiting your website and signing up for a trial, your customer has clearly indicated he/she is interested in your product. The next and crucial step is to sustain the customer's interest level, before it begins to waiver. This typically happens when customer's are evaluating multiple products or are just unable to see how your product responds to their needs. The difficult part here is establishing how long the window of opportunity is open for, so do your best to seal the customer's interest right from the beginning.

7. Play fair when referring to competitors; don't belittle them.
With more leveled playing fields for competitors and the ease of brokering a sale across geographies, a potential sale is often governed by how your product stands in comparison to the competitors. Unless you're the market leader with the product that paved the way for all existing competitors, downplaying the competition and commenting on how your product serves customers better than the others is not the respectable way of selling.

Granted, it is a tough market but each one of us should focus on what our product has to offer and express that in a sales pitch. Competitive analysis is a necessity but its the icing-on-top that your product offers which could potentially seal a deal, not the fact that your competitors are higher-priced or that your product offers better value for money.

8. Always remember to follow through
Responses to expressions of interest from your customers (especially sales queries initiated via the web) shouldn't just include the information they're asking for and a quotation of what you're offering. Delivering an impressive sales pitch is just half the process. The other half is the manner in which you respond, by asking the right questions relating to the need for the product and thereby leading the customer to enter into a series of communications that lead to a definitive sale.

9. If you're unable to close a deal, do your best to leave your foot in the door
There will always be instances where a deal just cannot be sealed, possibly due to requirements that cannot be met by your product or a customer's choice to opt for a lower priced, less-feature offering product. Such instances may only be temporary and the same customers may be drawn back to you at a later stage after realizing that your product is, in fact, what they really need.

Therefore, always try to keep that potential prospect of a sale alive. Keep in touch with these customers (without seeming to be a pest) and ensure your customer relations are of exceptional quality. Often, it's the relational value that drives customers to a purchase decision more than just the product's perceived value.

10. Focus on a goal rather than individual sales targets
Whether a startup caters to one or multiple products in its portfolio, each of these products were conceived out of the founder's vision of how these products could potentially alleviate business or social needs. Focus on the larger picture and aim at ensuring that individuals across your target markets are able to benefit by using your product.

It's just a frame of mind but being driven by the need to achieve a goal, rather than a number based target, is bound to lead to more fruitful results.

Please feel free to share your thoughts/tips that have worked for you and leave a comment.

Something to know ?

Something to know????????/

 

 

Dubai ranked 16th most expensive city globally

UBS survey names Oslo, Zurich and Geneva as world's most expensive

By

• Sunil Kumar Singh

Published Thursday, September 16, 2010

Dubai has been ranked the 16th most expensive city in the world. (FILE)

Dubai has been ranked the 16th most expensive city in the world, out of 73 of the world's cities, according to the latest 'Prices and Earnings' study conducted by UBS Wealth Management Research economists that was released on Wednesday.

The study ranks Oslo, Zurich and Geneva as the world's most expensive cities, followed by Tokyo, Copenhagen and New York.

Other cities ranked above Dubai include Stockholm, Toronto, Montreal, London, Singapore, Sydney, Helsinki, Paris, and Vienna.

The cities are ranked relative to the index (price levels excluding rent, where New York = 100). The methodology of the ranking measures the cost of a weighted shopping basket of goods geared to western European consumer habits, containing 122 goods and services.

The lowest prices for a broad basket of goods and services can be found in Mumbai, Manila and Bucharest, the study said.

Further, employees in Zurich, Sydney, Miami and Los Angeles enjoy the most purchasing power from their hourly wages (after taxes), the study said, while Dubai has been ranked at 32nd globally in terms of domestic purchasing power.

Employees in Jakarta, Nairobi and Manila had the lowest purchasing power among the cities surveyed.

The study, which is an update edition of last year, is a comparison of purchasing power around the globe and is published every three years.

For the 2009 edition, a standardised survey was conducted of prices and wages in 73 cities around the world. For this year's update, the price and wage data gathered in early 2009 was adjusted for cumulative inflation (for the period March 2009 to June 2010) and for exchange rate movements recorded in the interim.

Average exchange rates for June and July 2010 were applied to minimise the effect of sharp day-to-day price volatility.

 

Complicated mechanisms Xplained in simple animations

Complicated Mechanisms Explained in simple animations

Radial Engines

Radial engines are used in aircrafts having propeller connected to the shaft delivering power in order to produce thrust its basic mechanism is as follows

Steam engine Principle

Steam engine once used in locomotives was based on the reciprocating principle as shown below

Sewing Machine

Maltese Cross Mechanism

this type of mechanism is used in clocks to power the second hand movement.

Manual Transmission Mechanism

The mechanism also called as "stick shift" is used in cars to change gears mannually

Constant Velocity Joint

This mechanism is used in the front wheel drive cars

Torpedo-Boat destroyer System

This system is used to destroy fleet in naval military operations.

Rotary Engine

Also called as Wankel engine is a type of internal combustion engine has a unique design that converts pressure into rotating motion instead of reciprocating pistons