Critically Polluted Places In India

Top 20 critically polluted places in India

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The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in conjunction with IIT-Delhi recently surveyed 88 industrial clusters around the country, and found 43 "critically polluted" (score above 70 on a 100 point scale) while 32 were "severely polluted" (score 60-70).

We list the TOP 20 places from this infamous record.

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• ANKLESHWAR

  

  Pollution score: 88.5/ 100

  Ankleshwar in the Bharuch district of Gujarat takes the top spot in the 'critically polluted places' with a score of 88.5.

  Ankleshwar is known for its industrial township called GIDC (Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation), which is one of the biggest in Asia. Ankleshwar also has an office of the ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited). Today, Ankleshwar has over 5000 big and small chemical plants. These chemical plants produce products such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, specialty chemicals, and paint.

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  VAPI

  

  Pollution score: 88.09/ 100

  Located in the in Valsad district of Gujarat, for Vapi, the cost of growth has been severe: levels of mercury in the city's groundwater are reportedly 96 times higher than WHO safety levels, and heavy metals are present in the air and the local produce.

  The industrial township of Vapi holds its place of importance on the "industrial" map and it is the largest industrial area in Asia in terms of small-scale industries, dominated by chemical industry plants, along with their unfortunate hazards.

  Vapi has also been listed in the Top 10 most polluted places in the world by the US-based Blacksmith Institute.

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  GHAZIABAD

  

  Pollution score: 87.37/ 100

  The industrial city of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, has industries that manufacture railway coaches, diesel engines, bicycles, tapestries, glassware, pottery, paint and varnish, heavy chains, etc. Also It has ordinance factory (Muradnagar) & Bharat electronics ltd. for manufacturing defense products.

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  CHANDRAPUR

  

  Pollution score: 83.88/ 100

  Chandrapur in Maharashtra is very rich in mineral wealth such as iron ore, limestone and coal and this boon has been its bane. Many cement factories are located in this region. Due to large number of coal mines present around the city, the city is also known as City of Black Gold. The mammoth coal mines in an around the city also contribute to the heavy industrialization of the city.

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  KORBA

  

  Pollution score: 83/ 100

  This city in Chattisgarh, is the Power Capital of Central India with the NTPC's Super Thermal Power Plant in Korba is working at 90% Plant Load Factor. There are huge coal reserves in the vicinity, offering cheap pithead power generation opportunities and there is enough water from the State's largest reservoir of Hasdeo Bango. 84% of India's coal is in Chhattisgarh and two other States. Korba is also the site of an aluminium facility operated by Bharat Aluminium Company (BALCO).

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  BHIWADI

  

  Pollution score: 82.91/ 100

  Located in the Alwar district of Rajasthan, Bhiwadi has around 1,000 tiny, small, medium, large, industries and including MNC industrial units manufacturing various types of products. They include all types of industries like steel, furnace, electronics, engineering, textiles, pharmaceuticals, printing, cables, rolling mills, food processing, herbal care etc.

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  ANGUL TALCHER

  

  Pollution score: 82.09/ 100

  Angul district is located in the center of the state of Orissa. Even though Angul district is blessed with rich natural resources, it is the hottest district in India where maximum temperature goes up to 50 C during summer. Many blame the Orissa government for destroying the natural greens of the district. And yet the industrialization of the district has not stopped in spite of the public anger for destroying jungles. The state government in its way to setup more and more mines, plants in the district.

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  VELLORE

  

  Pollution score: 81.79/ 100

  This city in Tamil Nadu is considered to be one of the oldest surviving cities in South India. The city, along with its nearby industrial towns has witnessed a consistent industrial growth, followed by the implementation of South Asia's second railway track between Chennai, Royapuram and Walajah. The Golden Quadrilateral road; has significantly improved the region's industrial activities. This city is a hub for leather industries, chemical industries as well as automobile and mechanical industries.

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  SINGRAULI

  

  Pollution score: 81.73/ 100

  Singrauli in Uttar Pradesh is fast emerging as an energy hub of India, especially for electric power and coal. The total installed capacity of all power plants at Singaruli is around ten percent of total installed capacity of India (as of 10 November 2006).

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  LUDHIANA

  

  Pollution score: 81.66/ 100

  This city in Punjab is also known as the 'Manchester of India' because it is the industrial hub of Punjab, Ludhiana has been reputed to be the most polluted city on Punjab. It is home to 8 large integrated knitwear factories, roughly 6,000 small to medium sized knitwear factories, 10 big hosiery yarn mills and 150 small- to medium-sized worsted and woollen yarns mills, factories of bicycles like Hero Cycles, Avon Cycles, and a number of machine tools, sewing machines, generators, diesel engines, tyres & tubes factories.

  Industry is the main cause of water and air pollution in the city. Now a sewage treatment plant is being set up at Ludhiana to control pollution of surface water under the Satluj Action Plan.

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  NAJAFGARH DRAIN BASIN

  

  Pollution score: 79.54/ 100

  Najafgarh drain basin in East Delhi (including Anand Parvat, Naraina, Okhala and Wazirpur which are industrial hubs) is in the eleventh place in the over all list. Najafgarh drain basin is also the biggest polluter to Yamuna.

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  NOIDA

  

  Pollution score: 78.90/ 100

  This suburb of Delhi is a major hub for automobile ancillary units, with companies like Escorts, Honda-SIEL and New Holland Tractors operating from the city's SEZ.

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  DHANBAD

  

  Pollution score: 78.63/ 100

  Located in Jharkhand, Dhanbad is also known as the 'Coal Capital of India' and is 79th amoung the fastest growing cities of the world. Dhanbad is famous for its coal mines and industrial establishments; it has 112 coal mines with a total produce of 27.5 million tonnes. Many sponge iron factories and ceramic factories are located in the Dhanbad district.

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  DOMBIVLI

  

  Pollution score: 78.41/ 100

  Dombivli as the 14th most polluted city in the country and second in the state of Maharashtra. Dombivli is an industrial township in Thane district of Maharashtra. Any taxi driver can point it out to you from a distance. This small town with a big industrial estate, comprising some 50 chemicals units manufacturing dye intermediaries, is perpetually engulfed in smog. For the 100,000 residents, life is worse than hell. "The factories emit gases at night. They discharge effluents openly into the drain passing through our colony. Any complaint against them will only mean that we lose our jobs," laments Saroj Panicker, a resident of Dombivli, whose father works in a chemicals factory.

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  KANPUR

  

  Pollution score: 78.09/ 100

  The nineth most populous city in India, Kanpur is located on the banks of the river Ganga and is an important industrial centre. The city is famous for its leather products and cotton wears. Unfortunately, because of the heavy industrialization, Kanpur is also famous for its pollution.

  Kanpur went into decline after the 1960s; many industries shut down or left the city, and those that remained -- like the tanneries -- acquired a bad reputation because they were so polluting.

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  CUDDALORE

  

  Pollution score: 77.45/ 100

  Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu has a large number of industries incluing one industrial pocket -SIPCOT - which has secured it a place in the dubious club of global toxic hotspots owing to the area's high levels of pollution. A report for the Tamil Nadu Pollution Board by the Nagpur-based National Environmental Engineering Research Institute found that residents of the SIPCOT area of Cuddalore were at least 2000 times more likely to contract cancer in their lifetimes due to their exposure to high levels of toxic gases from chemical industries in the region.

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  AURANGABAD

  

  Pollution score: 77.44/ 100

  This city in Maharashtra is surrounded with many historical monuments, including the Ajanta Caves and Ellora Caves, which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Many renowned Indian and MNCs have established themselves in the Industrial Estates of Aurangabad including Videocon, Skoda Auto, Wockhardt, Siemens, Bajaj Auto, Goodyear etc. Many firms have their manufacturing bases in Aurangabad, in the sectors of automotive and auto components, pharmaceuticals and breweries, consumer durables, plastic processing, aluminium processing, agriculture and biotech.

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  FARIDABAD

  

  Pollution score: 77.07/ 100

  Faridabad's residential and industrial areas are in the grip of severe air pollution. The air in the Delhi suburb is full of deadly elements like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide along with dust particles.

  It is a major industrial city home to many units manufacturing tractors, motorcycles, switch gears, refrigerators, shoes and tyres. Numerous brick kilns located around Faridabad have emerged as one of the greatest air pollutants and use rubber tyres and other high polluting materials to bake mud bricks.

  The result of the large scale environmental pollution is that public health has taken a severe beating. In many parts of Faridabad people suffer from diseases like asthma, cancer, skin problems etc.

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  AGRA

  

  Pollution score: 76.48/ 100

  The city of the Taj, has expanded rapidly without much planning, leading to residential and business areas that lack civic amenities. Diesel generators, diesel vehicles and numerous tanneries add to high levels of air pollution.

  As it flows into Agra, the river Yamuna is hugely contaminated -- because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into it. Choked drains and piled up garbage are common sights.

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Myths and facts about Global Warming

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There is a lot of noise about global warming – some fact and some fiction. Find out if what you know about this phenomenon is true or false.

Myths and facts about Global Warming

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MYTH

Life can adapt. Civilization has survived droughts and temperature shifts in the past.

FACT

Humans may have survived the vagaries of drought, stretches of warmth and cold and more, one cannot ignore that entire societies and species have collapsed from dramatic climatic shifts. Remember the mammoth and the dinosaur?

Unless we limit the amount of greenhouse gases that are being released into the atmosphere, the earth will face a warming trend unseen since human civilization began 10,000 years ago. Climate change will bring major hardships and economic dislocations for our future generations. 

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MYTH
Addressing the problem of climate change will hurt industry and workers of developed economies.

FACT
A well designed trading program can jumpstart a new carbon economy that can decrease heat-trapping pollution cost-effectively.

Companies that are already reducing their greenhouse gas emissions have discovered that cutting pollution can save money. Properly designed emissions trading programs can reduce compliance costs significantly compared with other regulatory approaches. Furthermore, a mandatory cap on emissions could spur technological innovation that could create jobs and wealth.

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MYTH
Global warming and extra CO2 will actually be beneficial -- they reduce cold-related deaths and stimulate crop growth.

FACT
Any beneficial effects will be far outweighed by damage and disruption.

Despite the fact that higher levels of CO2 can act as a plant fertilizer under some conditions, scientists now believe that "CO2 fertilization" effect can diminish after a few years as plants acclimatise to it.

Moreover, increasing CO2 levels will cause sea levels to rise and inundate coastal areas and affect large populations across the globe and have devastating effects on marine life and fisheries.

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MYTH
Hasn't the Arctic warmed up before? Global warming is just part of a natural cycle.

FACT
What the earth is experiencing today is not natural. The current global warming is caused by mankind.

The Arctic has warmed up before, but then people were not burning fossil fuels (like oil, coal and natural gas) and cutting down forests at the level it is being done today. Human activity is releasing far more CO2 into the atmosphere than was ever released in hundreds of thousands of years.

Natural amounts of CO2 have varied from 180 to 300 parts per million (ppm), but today's CO2 levels are around 380 ppm. That's 25% more than the highest natural levels over the past 650,000 years.

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MYTH
Recent cold winters and cool summers don't feel like global warming to me.

FACT
Different parts of the earth have experienced some cold winters here and there, but the overall trend is warmer winters.

"I don't recall any Diwali that I celebrated without wearing a sweater when I was a child," says Tarang Mathur of Delhi. "But now we don't really get into our woollens till December."

Over the last century the Earth's climate has warmed overall, in all seasons, and in most regions. Despite the statements of climate sceptics that "this was the coldest winter in the past 100 years... blah blah blah," a single year of cold weather in one region of the world is not a benchmark for an average trend in global climate.

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MYTH
If global warming was actually happening, how come some glaciers and ice sheets are growing, not shrinking?

FACT
In most parts of the world, the retreat of glaciers has been dramatic. The best available scientific data indicate that Greenland's massive ice sheet is shrinking.

Some glaciers in western Norway, Iceland and New Zealand have been expanding over the past few decades, but that expansion is a result of regional increases in storm frequency and snowfall rather than colder temperatures. Between 1961 and 1997, the world's glaciers lost 890 cubic miles of ice.

National Snow and Ice Data Centre states that the summer melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet increased by 30 percent as a result of a warmer climate between 1796 and 2006. The temperature of the Antarctic Peninsula has also increased by 2.5 degrees Celsius since 1950.

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MYTH
How can we predict climate projections decades from now accurately when even precise weather predictions a few days in advance are hard to come by?

FACT
Climate prediction is fundamentally different from weather prediction, just as climate is different from weather.

The accuracy of weather forecasting is critically dependent upon being able to exactly and comprehensively characterize the present state of the global atmosphere. Climate prediction relies on other, longer ranging factors.

For instance, we might not know if it will be below freezing on a specific December day in New England, but we know from our understanding of the region's climate that the temperatures during the month will generally be low.

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MYTH
As the ozone hole shrinks, global warming will no longer be a problem.

FACT
Global warming and the ozone hole are two different problems.

The ozone layer resides in the stratosphere (9 to 31 miles above the earth's surface) and surrounds the entire Earth, protecting it from the effects of ultraviolet rays. Ozone hole is a thinning of the stratosphere's ozone layer.

Global warming, on the other hand, is the increase in the earth's average temperature due to the buildup of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities.

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10 Things to do Before You Retire.....!!!

Retirement is an inseparable phase life, and this is the most crucial stage of human life cycle. People have different kinds of needs in different phases of life; it changes according to age, income, lifestyle, etc. Generally we can say that a person has five types of needs such as;

• Physiological
• Safety and security
• Social
• Esteem
• Self actualization

These needs differ from people to people, as we have already mentioned there are many factors that determine peoples need. For example; need of a teen ager is entirely different from that of an aged person.  Aged people have social and security need. It does not mean that they had not felt this need before; they had felt it and had satisfied it too. But with the passage of time they spent the major portion of their earnings either in their children's education, in building a home, for their parents' health, etc. At the end of the day they forget to keep aside a part of their earning to fulfill their post retirement needs. This situation is common in most of the Indian homes.

 

As we reach our old age then we realize that the time and money that they have saved for themselves may not be sufficient for them to lead a tension free life after the retirement. In this case it becomes the duty of their children to look after their parents without facing any financial problems.

 

10 things to do before Retirement

There are some points that you need to know and follow before you reach the retirement age. This will help you to lead a comfortable post retirement life without facing any financial problems.

 

1. Prepare a Balance sheet of yourself
2. Review your savings and borrowings
3. Prepare a budget & review it
4. Assess Your life insurance needs
5. Eliminate unwanted expenses
6. Consult a Planner to plan your investments
7. Create a portfolio using the Right Financial Ingredients
8. Have a review of your Investment Mix
9. Invest for Income
10. Set Aside Emergency Funds

1.    Prepare a Balance sheet of yourself

We recommend you to prepare a balance sheet of yours, showing your assets and liabilities. The very objective of this is to determine your net worth. Assets include personal possessions of value, such as;

 

• Cash
• Real estate
• Investments

Liabilities are;

• Your debts
• Legal obligations

You can prepare your balance sheet by using a spreadsheet, this will help you in determining your net worth and there on to plan your finance.

 

2.    Review your Savings and Borrowings

It is very important to have a close eye on your Savings and Borrowings. It's a fact of financial world that the cost of borrowings is always more than earnings from savings. For instance; if you take personal loan from a bank, they will make you to pay 20-30% annual interest. At the same time if you investing I bank they offer you 7-8% annual interest. So it is always better to clear off the debt if you have cash to spare.

 

3.    Prepare a Budget & Review it

Retirement is the period during which you will not work. So it is necessary to prepare a paper budget or spending plan to update yourself about what your actual living expenses will be once you are not working.

 

Every person will have two kind of expenditure Fixed & Variable. In this variable expenditure is more, we mean to say that most of your expenditure can be controlled if you wish to do so. There are some expenses that go away once you are not working, like travel, food, dress, etc. Food costs may go down if you used to eat lunch at house. So think before taking any decision related to expenditure, a wise decision can save you from losing money unnecessarily. Avoid unnecessary expenditure and accumulate a portion of this towards your post retirement expenditure.

4.    Assess Your life insurance needs

Every person should have life insurance cover so that their family will be in a safer side if anything wrong happens to you. Term and life insurance are two important types of insurance that can cove the risk of your life. If you are planning to go for a life insurance once you are 50 or more, it will cost you more so it is always better to have a life insurance cover you are young.

 

Most of the life insurance companies are offering Retirement Plans, if you are going for a retirement plan, it will help you to replace your salary once if you are retired. If the right decisions are made when electing your pension options, your spouse will be able to continue the pension. Term insurance is generally recommended for young people who have debt, dependents and few assets. However, a life insurance policy may be necessary for estate planning or other purposes.

 

There are so many types of insurance policies that fulfil your different needs. You have to think and choose the right one that can fulfill your needs.

 

5.    Eliminate unwanted expenses

Expenditure heads should be identified and also given proper attention. Always make sure that you are eliminating unnecessary expenditure, including your children's educational expenditure. The time to fund your children's college educations is when they're small and not when they are Graduating and you are counting down to retirement.

 

As we have discussed already, list out the expenditure according to priority and avoid all possible expenditures.

6.    Consult a Planner to plan your Investments

Most of the times people feel difficulty in planning their finances. So it is better to consult a financial planner for guidance. An efficient financial expert can get a comprehensive perspective on your whole financial situation and determine if everything is in order and you are really prepared to face retirement. He can guide you from re-evaluating your portfolio to your investments structure.

 

7.    Create a portfolio using the Right Financial Ingredients

Most of the studies done on retirement planning had proved that a large percent of people allocate their money to just one single fund. Another major percent of people allocate their money to only two funds. Only a small percentage of the people understand the importance of diversifying their funds. Use of diverse mix of funds or multiple ingredients will help you to achieve your investment goals.

 

8.    Have a review of your Investment Mix

We will understand this point with the help of an example; if your music player is too loud, do you throw it out the window? Of course not! You simply adjust the volume and get it back to an tolerable listening level. The same applies to your retirement plan. Instead of dropping your plan into the garbage, get an acceptable mix of investments that match your risk tolerance and financial goals.

9.    Invest for Income

You may have built up a sum of money in the bank, from the sale of a property or by investing wisely, yet at some point, it will be important for you to actually see the benefit of your hard work. You may then need to consider changing your investment strategy from 'growth' to 'income'. In order to achieve better returns you may have been happy taking a risk with some of your money. But can you now afford to lose what has been taking you years to build up? Investing for income generally means taking a lower risk and seeing the benefit each month or each year in the form of an income payment. Ultimately, it's your money and you should enjoy it!

 

10. Set Aside Emergency Funds

Before reaching your retirement age you need to make sure that you have set aside sufficient funds for unexpected costs. This buffer will ensure that you avoid using assets allocated for income or growth purposes. As a general rule of thumb, we suggest saving about three to six months worth of expenses for your emergency fund.

 

Emergency can be anything like your car repairs, dental work, or travel expenses for a family member's illness or death. Make sure your emergency fund is liquid. Remember to replace emergency funds as you use them.

--
Hyderabad Masti
 
http://tinyurl.com/bx5z5d

How to Treat a Snake Bite

 

 

Sent to you by H.e.M.a.L via Google Reader:

 

 

How to Treat a Snake Bite

via How to of the Day on 6/9/10

Snakes are carnivorous reptiles that live a wide variety of habitats around the world. While most snakes are not venomous, a minority carry venom that can cause painful injury or even death to humans.

Steps

Non-Venomous Snakebites

Although not likely to be life-threatening, bites from non-venomous snakes can still be painful and lead to infection.

1. Clean the wound carefully. Wash with clean water. Use an alcohol-soaked pad if one is available.
2. Treat the wound with an antibiotic ointment. Apply a thin coating of antibiotic ointment.
3. Bandage the wound. This will protect it and help to discourage infection. Pay attention to the wound as it heals for redness or streaking or other signs of infection.

Venomous Snakebites

These steps for treating venomous snakebites assume that you have no special equipment such as a snakebite kit and do not have immediate access to medical services.^[1]

1. Get the victim away from the snake. Your first priority is to make sure that neither you nor the victim receive any additional snakebites.
2. Remove clothing or constricting items. Bites from venomous snakes can cause rapid and severe swelling. Remove clothing or jewelry from the area.
3. Minimize activity. Higher levels of activity will increase blood flow and increase the spread of poison through the body.
4. Do not cut the bite site or use your mouth to suck out the poison. These are likely to be ineffective and can increase the likelihood of infection.
5. Clean the bite site with soap and water. Cover the wound with a dressing.
6. Wrap the bite site with a tight elastic bandage. You can use something like an Ace bandage for this, or can fashion one from a stretchy shirt or other article of clothing.
   
   
   • The intent of this step is to slow capillary and venous blood flow (flow back to the heart), but permit arterial blood flow (away from the heart).
   • Check for a pulse below the overwrap. It should be present.
     
     
     
7. Splint the bitten limb to prevent motion. Keep a the splinted extremity below the level of the heart.
8. Keep the victim calm and protected from the environment. Let the victim rest until you can get him medical attention. If the victim is conscious, make him drink fluids.

Video

Tips

• Most snakes are not venomous.
• Your best option is to avoid a snakebite. Take care in places where snakes are common.

Warnings

• Do not attempt to cut open the wound and suck out venom, either with your mouth or a snakebite kit. This has not been shown to remove a significant amount of toxins and may lead to greater damage to skin in the area.^[2][3]
• Even non-venomous snake bites may lead to infections.

Things You'll Need

• Antibiotic ointment
• Wound dressing
• Elastic bandage

Related wikiHows

• How to Treat Shock
• How to Stop Bleeding
• How to Administer Adult CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

Sources and Citations

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Career TIPs | 7 Steps to positive self talk

7 Steps to Positive Self Talk

 

Evelyn Lim

Most of us are in constant mental chatter. We talk to ourselves all day long and, unfortunately, this self talk is frequently negative. Often it is tainted with guilt about our past or anxiety about our future. This negativity can destroy any seed of hope that we may otherwise have in striving for our dreams.

Our actions are inspired by our thoughts. If we can change the way we think, we can begin to change the actions we take. It is human nature to seek personal growth; whether financially, emotionally, physically or spiritually. Practicing positive self talk can help us set in motion actions that will bring us greater rewards.

The following are seven steps to positive self talk. By following these steps you will begin to rid your inner conversations of negativity and instead have empowering thoughts.

1. Eliminate Internal Negative Chatter

The first step is one of awareness. It will be hard to make a change to positive thinking without being acutely intimate with the thoughts that run through your mind. Recently, I was amazed to discover deep buried emotions from negative thoughts that I had for fewer than 10 minutes. Without awareness, I would have carried the hurt and anger inside. Awareness helped me to bring them out to the open for me to deal with.

Undoubtedly it will not be easy to make a switch if you have a long history or negative self talk. Your talk became negative over the years due to various factors. For instance, if your first grade teacher repeatedly told you that you were "stupid", you might believe it to be truly the case. You would find that your inner chatter would often be filled with talk of "I am so slow" and "it is so hard to learn". If you constantly tell yourself such negative stories, your actions are going to reflect your low self esteem. It will be difficult to get very far if you are always putting yourself down.

A common negative talk involves telling yourself "I can't". When you say to yourself "I can't" or "it is too difficult", you are creating a resistance. Having such a mental block will prevent you from achieving a task you could otherwise succeed at.

Anytime you catch yourself saying "I can't…", turn around and challenge your own claim with, "Why can't I?" Research shows that most geniuses became the people they are also because of the hard work they put in. So if you would like to be successful, you need to start saying "I can" a lot more.

A great method that I have also found useful is to say "Cancel Cancel" each time I find myself saying something negative, whether in the mind or verbally. The method works if you sincerely have the intent of becoming a positive thinker.

2. Positive Affirmations

Affirmations are positive statements of a desired outcome or goal. They are usually short, believable and focused. By repeating them over and over again, you build inroads into your subconscious mind, opening up the possibility of a new state of thoughts.

An important step when repeating affirmations is that you need to read your affirmations aloud with feeling. The mere reading of the words bears no consequence unless you put some emotions behind them. Of significant fact is that your subconscious mind takes any orders given in complete faith and after repeated self talk. So the daily practice of repeating affirmations is important.

Initially you may be skepticism toward the statement of your positive affirmation. However, if you follow this simple set of instructions your skepticism will soon give way to a new set of beliefs and then crystallized into absolute faith.

3. Positive Scripts

One thing that you may observe is on how easy it is for your mind to build negative thought upon negative thought. The chatter not only does not stop but it spins a drama that traps and limits you.

From now on, regularly do this exercise instead. Spin an uplifting story that runs like a movie script. Some visualization will be helpful. You build on a story with a positive outline. The longer you can tell this story to yourself the better. It is also best if you can make this story one about having all your goals achieved. When you do this, you start to internalize your goals and dreams, as if they are something that you have already achieved.

4. Replace Negative Influences with Positive Ones

It is important that you identify external negative factors in your life which may be holding your thoughts hostage. For instance, your mental state can become toxic by being around friends who are negative. If you are not vigilant enough, you will start to adopt their thoughts as your own. Hence, be alert to what your negative influences are. If they come from certain friends, limit your exposure to them as much as you can. Refrain from discussing your plans with people who will be unsupportive of your dreams and goals.

Instead surround yourself with thoughts and actions from people who will empower you.
From being uninspired and de-motivated, you will begin to feel uplifted and driven to greater self growth. The positive energy that they vibrate will start affecting the self talk that you engage in as well.

5. Present Tense Messages

You may find yourself daunted by the many things you need to do in order to reach your goals. It just seems overwhelming to become the success that you secretly desire for. Your mind gets caught up in an endless stream of worry.

What may be helpful is to concentrate on steps you can take in the present. If you find yourself becoming stuck, stop and say, "What can I do right now?" Change your internal talk from a future anxiety ridden one to one that is about the more manageable present. You cannot control what will happen in the future but you can take the necessary steps now that will build a better tomorrow. Taking the necessary steps require you to focus your thoughts and inner talk on Now.

6. Confront Fears

Fear is often what holds you back from your success. You are scared of taking chances because you fear losing the security that you enjoy now. You try to convince yourself that you are happy in your current state when in fact, you are not. Your self talk may sound positive in your attempt to lie to yourself. But somehow, there is an inner knowing that you are short changing yourself.

Ask yourself what you are afraid of. What can be the worst that can happen? Take a step-by-step approach in breaking down your fears and see if there is any way round to looking at things more positively. When you confront your fears, you will often realize that the worst case scenario is not as bad as you think. In fact, the benefits of change are worth the risk. Your inner talk begins to change at this point.

7. Focus on Enjoyable Moments

It is much easier to have a positive attitude if you focus on the enjoyable moments in life rather than the difficult ones. While there will inevitably be challenges, you need to remember that life consists of ups and downs and the good times are forged through the bad.

So choose to fill your mind with positive images and thoughts. Make it a conscious habit. Simply bring your mind back every time it goes astray in its thoughts. For a start, if you can be grateful for what you have presently, your self talk will also change to be in alignment with one of joy. A state of gratitude does wonders to your psyche.

Conclusion

Replacing self talk from a negative to a more positive one is not going to happen overnight. If your mind has ingrained habits of thinking negatively, it will take some work and time. However, if you find yourself often struggling, unable to achieve your goals and talking yourself down, then you should grit your teeth and commit to the process of change.

By following the above tips to positive self talk, you will experience an improvement in the quality of your life. The rewards are plentiful with greater happiness, peace and joy. Best of all, you feel empowered. With the change in energy, you are more likely to reach your highest potential and achieve success.

The Ultimate Science of Gayatri Mantra…

The Ultimate Science of Gayatri Mantra…

GAYATRI MANTRA & Its Scientific Meaning

Gayatri mantra has been bestowed the greatest importance in Vedic dharma. This mantra has also been termed as Savitri and Ved-Mata, the mother of the Vedas.

Om bhur bhuvah swah
Tat savitur varenyam
Bhargo devasya dheemahi
Dhiyo yo nah prachodayat

The literal meaning of the mantra is:

O God! You are Omnipresent, Omnipotent and Almighty, You are all Light. You are all Knowledge and Bliss. You are Destroyer of fear, You are Creator of this Universe, You are the Greatest of all. We bow and meditate upon Your light. You guide our intellect in the right direction.

The mantra, however, has a great scientific importance too, which somehow got lost in the literary tradition. The modern astrophysics and astronomy tell us that our Galaxy called Milky Way or Akash-Ganga contains approximately 100,000 million of stars. Each star is like our sun having its own planet system. We know that the moon moves round the earth and the earth moves round the sun along with the moon. All planets round the sun. Each of the above bodies revolves round at its own axis as well. Our sun along with its family takes one round of the galactic center in 22.5 crore years. All galaxies including ours are moving away at a terrific velocity of 20,000 mile s per second.

And now the alternative scientific meaning of the mantra step by step:

(A). OM BHUR BHUVAH SWAH:

Bhur the earth, bhuvah the planets (solar family), swah the Galaxy. We observe that when an ordinary fan with a speed of 900 RPM (rotations Per minute) moves, it makes noise. Then, one can imagine, what great noise would be created when the galaxies move with a speed of 20,000 miles per second. This is what this portion of the mantra explains that the sound produced due to the fast-moving earth, planets and galaxies is Om. The sound was heard during meditation by Rishi Vishvamitra, who mentioned it to other colleagues. All of them, then unanimously decided to call this sound Om the name of God, because this sound is available in all the three periods of time, hence it is set (permanent). Therefore, it was the first ever revolutionary idea to identify formless God with a specific title (form) called upadhi. Until that time, everybody recognized God as formless and nobody was prepared to accept this new idea. In the Gita also, it is said, "Omiti ekaksharam brahma", meaning that the name of the Supreme is Om , which contains only one syllable (8/12). This sound Om heard during samadhi was called by all the seers nada-brahma a very great noise), but not a noise that is normally heard beyond a specific amplitude and limits of decibels suited to human hearing. Hence the rishis called this sound Udgith musical sound of the above, i.e., heaven. They also noticed that the infinite mass of galaxies moving with a velocity of 20,000 miles/second was generating a kinetic energy = 1/2 MV2 and this was balancing the total energy consumption of the cosmos. Hence they named it Pranavah, which means the body (vapu) or store house of energy

(prana).

(B). TAT SAVITUR VARENYAM:

Tat that (God), savitur the sun (star), varenyam worthy of bowing or respect. Once the form of a person along with the name is known to us, we may locate the specific person.Hence the two titles (upadhi) provide the solid ground to identify the formless God, Vishvamitra suggested. He told us that we could know (realize) the unknowable formless God through the known factors, viz., sound Om and light of suns (stars). A mathematician can solve an equation x2+y2=4; if x=2; then y can be known and so on. An engineer can measure the width of a river even by standing at the riverbank just by drawing a triangle. So was the scientific method suggested by Vishvamitra in the mantra in the next portion as under:-

(C). BHARGO DEVASYA DHEEMAHI:

Bhargo the light, devasya of the deity, dheemahi we should meditate. The rishi instructs us to meditate upon the available form (light of suns) to discover the formless Creator (God). Also he wants us to do japa of the word Om (this is understood in the Mantra). This is how the sage wants us to proceed, but there is a great problem to realize it, as the human mind is so shaky and restless that without the grace of the Supreme (Brahma) it cannot be controlled. Hence Vishvamitra suggests the way to pray Him as under:

(D). DHIYO YO NAH PRACHODAYAT:

Dhiyo (intellect), yo (who), nah (we all), prachodayat (guide to right Direction). O God! Deploy our intellect on the right path. Full scientific interpretation of the Mantra: The earth (bhur), the planets (bhuvah), and the galaxies (swah) are moving at a very great velocity, the sound produced is Om , (the name of formless God.) That God (tat), who manifests Himself in the form of light of suns (savitur) is worthy of bowing/respect (varenyam). We all, therefore, should meditate (dheemahi) upon the light (bhargo) of that deity (devasya) and also do chanting of Om. May He (yo) guide in right direction (prachodayat) our(nah) intellect dhiyo.

So we notice that the important points hinted in the mantra are:-
1) The total kinetic energy generated by the movement of galaxies acts as an umbrella and balances the total energy consumption of the cosmos. Hence it was named as the Pranavah (body of energy). This is equal to 1/2 mv2 (Mass of galaxies x squre of velocity.)

2) Realizing the great importance of the syllable OM , the other later date religions adopted this word with a slight change in accent, 

India's 10 best paid Business Leaders ! & their kingdom

Anil Ambani

Age: 49 years

Remuneration : Rs 48.01 crore (Rs million) (includes Rs 34.65-crore
(Rs million) proposed commission for FY08 by Reliance Comm)

Worth: $42 billion

Designation: Chairman

Group: Reliance - Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group

Other companies: Reliance Natural Resources Ltd, Reliance Capital Ltd,
Reliance Energy Ltd, Reliance Communications Ltd, Reliance
Infrastructure, Reliance Entertainment, Reliance Power, Reliance
Health, Mudra Communications, Reliance BPO Private Ltd, Dhirubhai
Ambani Institute of Information and Communications Technology

Background: Anil Ambani, the flamboyant younger son of the late
Dhirubhai Ambani (who founded one of India's largest businesses,
Reliance Industries) is an MBA from the Wharton School of Business,
University of Pennsylvania. He earlier completed his BSc from the
University of Mumbai.

After Dhirubhai's death, the two brothers found they could not work
together. To solve the problem, the Reliance companies were divided
into two groups ? one went to elder brother Mukesh, while the other
went to younger brother Anil who formed Reliance ADAG.

Under his chairmanship, the constituent companies of Reliance ADAG
have raised nearly $3 billion from global financial markets in a
period of less than 15 months.

Reliance ADAG has a market capitalisation of Rs 325,000 crore ($81
billion), net assets in excess of Rs 115,000 crore ($29 billion), and
net worth to the tune of Rs 55,000 crore ($14 billion).



Mukesh Ambani

Age: 50 years

Remuneration : Rs 44.02 crore (Rs 440.2 million)

Worth: $43 billion

Designation: Chairman and managing director

Group: Reliance

Other companies: Reliance Industries Ltd, Reliance Petroleum Ltd,
Reliance Retail Ltd, Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Ltd, Reliance
Europe Ltd, Reliance Jamnagar Infrastructure Ltd, Reliance Ventures
Ltd, Reliance Global Management Services Private Ltd, Reliance Fresh
Ltd

Background: A chemical engineer from Stanford University, he earned
his MBA degree from Stanford University. He joined Reliance in 1981.
Among his many achievements include the company's backward integration
into petrochemicals, petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration
and production. One of his biggest achievements is the setting up of
the world's largest grassroots petroleum refinery in Jamnagar.

Shyer than younger brother Anil, Mukesh limits his presence in the
media. Incidentally, his only daughter, Isha, who is just a teenager,
has been listed by Forbes as the second richest heiress in the world.

The Reliance Group's annual revenues are in excess of $34 billion. RIL
is a Fortune 500 listed company.




Kalanidhi Maran

Age: 43 years

Remuneration : Rs 32.41 crore (Rs million)

Worth: $2.6 billion

Designation: Chairman and managing director

Group: Sun TV Network

Other companies: Sun Pictures, Sun Direct, 20 television channels
including Sun TV, Udaya TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Surjo TV, 45 FM
radio stations including Surya FM, S FM and Red FM, two Tamil
newspapers including Dinakaran and four weekly Tamil magazines
including Kungumum. It also runs a philanthropic organisation, Sun
Foundation.

Background: Despite coming from a hardcore political background -- his
father is the late Union Industries minister Murasoli Maran, his
brother Dayanidhi Maran was the former communication and IT minister,
his great-uncle is Tamil Nadu's veteran politician M Karunanidhi ?
Kalanidhi was more interested in television. He began his independent
career in 1991 with the monthly Tamil video news magazine, Poomalai.
He was just 27 had had, under his belt, an MBA from the University of
Scranton, USA.

He went on to launch Sun TV, the first privately owned Tamil
television channel, on April 14, 1993. Today, Sun TV is one of the
largest broadcasters in India. Its footprint includes programming and
channels in all the southern languages. It has also launched a DTH arm
and recently forayed into film production.

Sun TV was listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange on April 24, 2006.
After the listing, Maran was mentioned in Forbes's list of the world's
billionaires; this year, he features on the list at No 446.



Kaveri Kalanidhi

Age: 37 years

Remuneration : Rs 32.41 crore (Rs million)

Designation: Joint managing director, Sun TV Network

Group company: Sun TV Network

Other companies: Sun Pictures, Sun Direct, 20 television channels
including Sun TV, Udaya TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Surjo TV, 45 FM
radio stations including Suryan FM, S FM and Red FM, two Tamil
newspapers including Dinakaran and four weekly Tamil magazines
including Kungumum. It also runs a philanthropic organisation, Sun
Foundation

Background: Kaveri Kalanidhi responsible for deciding the content mix
on Sun TV's various channels and monitoring viewer feedback. She
assists in the selection of anchors and newscasters. She is on the
board of trustees of Sun Foundation and supervises its day-to-day
functioning.

Kaveri has a bachelor's degree in arts from University of Madras,
Chennai. She was appointed joint managing director of the company on
December 15, 2005. Kalanidhi and Kaveri were married in 1991.




P R Ramasubrahmaneya Rajha

Age: 76 years

Remuneration : Rs 32.39 crore (Rs 323.9 million)

Designation: Chairman and managing director

Group: Ramco Group

Other companies: Madras Cements Ltd, Ramco Industries Ltd, Ramco
Systems Ltd, Rajapalayam Mills Ltd, Sudarshan Spinning Mills, Sri
Vishni Shankar Mills Ltd, Rajapalayam Spintext, Sri Ramco Spinners,
Rajapalayam Textiles, Sandhya Spinning Mills, Tanjavur Spinning Mills
Ltd, Ramaraju Surgical Cotton Mills Ltd, Sri Ramco Biotech, Ramco Wind
Farm and Ramco Lanka Private Ltd. Some of the charitable institutions
it includes Raja Charity Trust, P A C Ramasamy Raja Education Charity
Trust, Shri Abhinava Vidyatheertha Seva Trust, Ramco Industrial
Training Centre and P A Chinnaih Raja Memorial Higher Secondary School

Background: Rajha took over Madras Cements and the Ramco Group in 1962
from his ailing father and company founder, P A C Ramasamy Raja. Under
his stewardship, the group has established a national presence and
seen its turnover multiply ten-fold. Madras Cements is the sixth
largest producer of cement in India. It is also one of the largest
wind energy producers in the country.



Kumar Mangalam Birla

Age: 41 years

Remuneration : Rs 20.14 crore (Rs 201.4 million)

Worth: $10.2 billion

Designation: Chairman

Group: Aditya V Birla Group

Other companies: Grasim, Hindalco, UltraTech Cement, Aditya Birla
Nuvo, Idea Cellular, Birla Sun Life, Birla NGK

Background: A chartered accountant who earned an MBA from the London
Business School, Kumar Mangalam Birla is ranked at No 78 in Forbes
magazine's list of the world's billionaires. He inherited the business
from his late father, Aditya Birla, at the age of 27.

Today, besides running one of India's biggest conglomerates, Birla
also serves on the prime minister advisory council on trade and
industry. In the past, he has been the chairman of Securities and
Exchange Board of India's committee on corporate governance and the
chairman of SEBI's committee on insider trading.




Malvinder Mohan Singh

Age: 34 years

Remuneration : Rs 19.58 crore (Rs 195.8 million)

Designation: CEO and managing director Group company: Ranbaxy
Laboratories Ltd

Background: Singh graduated in economics from St Stephen's college,
New Delhi and earned his MBA from the Fuqua School of Business, Duke
University, USA.

Before taking charge as MD and CEO, he was president, pharmaceuticals,
and executive director responsible for the global operations covering
pharmaceuticals, API and manufacturing across Ranbaxy's global
footprint of 49 countries.

He is a member of the National Council for the Confederation of Indian
Industries and co-chairman of CII's national committee on Intellectual
Property Rights (IPR), CII.

In June 2008, Ranbaxy reached an agreement with Daiichi through which
it will acquire a majority stake in the former. Singh will continue as
CEO for some time




Sunil Bharti Mittal

Age: 51 years (October 23, 1957)

Remuneration : Rs 19.55 crore (Rs 195.5 million)

Designation: Chairman and managing director

Group: Bharti Group

Other companies: Bharti Enterprises, Bharti Airtel Ltd, Bharti
TeleTech Ltd, Telecom Seychelles Ltd, Bharti Telesoft Ltd, Bharti Del
Monte India Pvt Ltd, Bharti Retail Pvt Ltd, Bharti Retail Pvt Ltd,
Bharti Axa General Insurance Company, Bharti Axa Life Insurance
Company, Bharti Axa Life Insurance Company, Bharti AXA Investment
Managers Pvt Ltd, Bharti Resources, Jersey Airtel Ltd, Bharti
Foundation

Background: Mittal started his first business at the age of 18,
financed by a loan of Rs 20,000 from his father. Moving from one
business to another, this first generation entrepreneur Mittal built
the Bharti Group into India's largest mobile phone operator in just 10
years.

He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2007.

Mittal is an alumnus of the Harvard Business School. He has been
awarded the Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) degree by the G B Pant
University of Agriculture & Technology. He is an honorary fellow of
The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers.



Sajjan Jindal

Age: 48 years (December 5, 1959)

Remuneration : Rs 16.73 crore (Rs 167.3 million)

Designation: Vice chairman and managing director

Group: Jindal South West Holding Group

Other companies: JSW Steel Ltd, JSW Energy Ltd, JSW Holdings Ltd, JSW
Infrastructure and Logistics Ltd, Vijayanagar Minerals Pvt Ltd, Jindal
Praxair Oxygen Co Ltd, JSoft Solutions Ltd, JSW Aluminium Ltd, JSW
Bengal Steel Ltd, JSW Energy Ratnagiri Ltd, Raj Westpower Ltd, JSW
Cement Ltd, JSW Jharkhand Steel Ltd

Background: The second son of the late O P Jindal, joined the Jindal
organisation after his graduation from Bangalore University in 1982.
Today, JSW Steel is the third largest manufacturer of steel in India.

Earlier this year, he took over as the president of the Associated
Chambers of Commerce and Industry. He is also director of the Indian
Institute of Management, Indore and the National Shipping Board.




Onkar S Kanwar

Age: 66 years

Designation: Chairman and managing director

Remuneration : Rs 15.54 crore (Rs 155.4 million)

Group: Apollo

Other companies: Apollo Tyres Ltd, Apollo Tyres KFT, Dunlop Tyres
International

Background: Kanwar has successfully led Apollo Tyres (he inherited the
initial business from his father Raunaq Singh) for over 27 years.
Under his leadership, Apollo has not only witnessed a turn around but
has also emerged as a market leader.

A science and administration graduate from the University of
California, Kanwar is also immediate past president, Federation of
Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, and past president,
International Chamber of Commerce, Automotive Tyre Manufacturers'
Association and former director, Export Credit Guarantee Corporation
of India.